Description

Buy Oxiracetam | Oxiracetam Reviews

(bulk powder)

Oxiracetam (4-Hydroxy-2-oxopyrrolidine-N-acetamide) is another popular member of the racetam family. It is a synthetic molecule derived from piracetam and differs from its parent molecule by the addition of a hydroxyl group on the 4-carbon of the pyrrolidinone ring. As a racetam and ampakine, it has a similar method to other racetams in the family. It is considered to be slightly higher in potency than Piracetam. Typical Oxiracetam dosage is about 500-750mg.

Oxiracetam Pharmacokinetics

It was shown that Oxiracetam is well absorbed from the gut with a bioavailability about 75% . As much as 84% is is recovered as unchanged Oxiracetam in the urine. Maximum concentration is reached after 2 hours (serum concentration 19 ug/ml, dose 800 mg).

Oxiracetam Mechanisms of Action

Oxiracetam’s exact mechanism of action remains unclear,  however, a number of studies have indicated biochemical and neurological consequences of oxiracetam administration. In particular, oxiracetam seems to affect the cholinergic system and increases neurotransmission in the hippocampal region of the brain. Researchers observed that oxiracteam at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg i.p., increased acetylcholine (ACh) utilization, but not steady state ACh levels. Further, repeated daily administration of 100 mg/kg of oxiracetam increased high-affinity choline uptake (HACU) in the rat hippocampus by 31%. A similar increase in HACU was observed after a one-time dose of 300 mg/kg i.p.; even three hours after the administered dose, HACU rate remained 40% higher. The researchers used these observations to hypothesize that “oxiracetam enhances the activity of the septohippocampal cholinergic pathways, and to a lesser extent the, of the cortical cholinergic network.” Oxiracetam was observed to increase neurotransmission in the CA1 rat hippocampal region. As the authors note, the enduring increase in neurotransmission shared characteristics with long-term potentiation (LTP), which happens primarily in the hippocampus and may be a physiological site for learning and memory. LTP in the hippocampus also involves glutamatergic neurotransmission. In rat hippocampal slices, researchers observed oxiracetam increased the release of glutamate evoked by depolarization; however, whether oxiracetam directly acted on glutamatergic neurons or via another neurotransmitter channel remains unknown. Users Buy Oxiracetam for its benefits:

Oxiracetam Benefits

Oxiracetam is an all-around potent nootropic. It is more potent than Piracetam and has been known to offer stimulating effects. Alternatively, it can have the opposite effects of causing fatigue which suggests that levels of choline may not be adequate in these individuals. Nevertheless, Oxiracetam is still a favorite nootropic for many and can be used by itself or stacked with other nootropics. The cost of Oxiracetam is higher than Piracetam but the potency is much higher. It is a great nootropic that can be used selectively or on a routinely basis. Overall, it improves cognition and memory and may provide an increase in sensory perception or reflexes in some users. This is based on personal reports and there is limited data to suggest which areas of benefit Oxiracetam may be prominent in from a scientific perspective.

• Increase in Memory

• Enhanced Learning Ability

• Better Sensory Perception

• Advance Technical Thinking

• Improved Focus

Oxiracetam Dosage 500-750mg

CAS 62613-82-5

Formula C₆H₁₀N₂O₃

Mass 158.155 Da

Synonyms Neuromet

Half-life 4,5h

Bioavailability: 75%

References: 

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2. Perucca E, Albrici A, Gatti G, Spalluto R, Visconti M, Crema A.
   Pharmacokinetics of oxiracetam following intravenous and oral administration in healthy volunteers. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 1984 Jul-Sep;9(3):267-74.

3. Zhang Q, et al. Comparative pharmacokinetic studies of racemic oxiracetam and its pure enantiomers after oral administration in rats by a stereoselective HPLC method. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2015 Jul 10;111:153-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.03.039. Epub 2015 Apr 4.

4. Spignoli G, Pedata F, Giovannelli L, Banfi S, Moroni F, Pepeu G. Effect of oxiracetam and piracetam on central cholinergic mechanisms and active-avoidance acquisition. Clin Neuropharmacol. 1986;9 Suppl 3:S39-47.

5. Pugliese, A. M. et al. Effect of the nootropic drug oxiracetam on field potentials of rat hippocampal slices. Br J Pharmacol. 1990 Jan; 99(1): 189–193.

6. Marchi, M., Besana, E., Raiteri, M. Oxiracetam increases the release of endogenous glutamate from depolarized rat hippocampal slices. Euro J Pharmacology. 1990 Aug;185(2-3): 247-249.

7. Green RC, Goldstein FC, Auchus AP, Presley R, Clark WS, Van Tuyl L, Green J, Hersch SM, Karp HR. Treatment trial of oxiracetam in Alzheimer’s disease. Arch Neurol. 1992 Nov;49(11):1135-6.

8. Bottini G, Vallar G, Cappa S, Monza GC, Scarpini E, Baron P, Cheldi A, Scarlato G. Oxiracetam in dementia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Acta Neurol Scand. 1992 Sep;86(3):237-41.

9. Rozzini R, Zanetti O, Bianchetti A.Treatment of cognitive impairment secondary to degenerative dementia. Effectiveness of oxiracetam therapy. Acta Neurol (Napoli). 1993 Feb;15(1):44-52.

10. Mondadori C, Classen W, Borkowski J, Ducret T, Buerki H, Schadé A. Effects of oxiracetam on learning and memory in animals: comparison with piracetam. Clin Neuropharmacol. 1986;9 Suppl 3:S27-38.

11. Preda L, Alberoni M, Bressi S, Cattaneo C, Parini J, Canal N, Franceschi M. Effects of acute doses of oxiracetam in the scopolamine model of human amnesia. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1993;110(4):421-6.

12. Cavoy A, Van Golf-Racht B, Delacour J. Relationships between arousal and cognition-enhancing effects of oxiracetam. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1994 Feb;47(2):283-7.

13. Mondadori C, Möbius HJ, Borkowski J. The GABAB receptor antagonist CGP 36,742 and the nootropic oxiracetam facilitate the formation of long-term memory. Behav Brain Res. 1996 May;77(1-2):223-5.

14. Baumel B, Eisner L, Karukin M, MacNamara R, Katz RJ, Deveaugh-Geiss J. Oxiracetam in the treatment of multi-infarct dementia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 1989;13(5):673-82.

15. Oxiracetam or fastigial nucleus stimulation reduces cognitive injury at high altitude. Brain Behav. 2017 Aug 23;7(10):e00762.

16. Nanodelivery of oxiracetam enhances memory, functional recovery and induces neuroprotection following concussive head injury.