Description

Amantadine hydrochloride (HCl) [MIDANTAN]

 (30x100mg)

Initial results and case reports reveal benefcial actions of Amantadine (and also Memantine) in patients with COVID-19. This drug can be used preventively by personnel who is constantly exposed to the coronavirus, such as doctors, nurses, pharmacists, as well as people sufering from a disease. The elderly can receive this drug as a protection.  Clinical trials have shown that use of Amantadine has the potential to mitigate the effects of COVID-19 and recuce risk of death. Amantadine is well absorbed when administered orally and is also well tolerated by the digestive system. The recommended dose for an adult is one 100 mg tablet twice daily. Do not take Amantadine hydrochloride if you suffer from any serious kidney disease.

SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus that causes COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), comes from the Coronoviridae family and the symptoms it causes in people who contract it are: sore throat, cough, fever, difficulty breathing in severe cases. SARS-CoV-2 has spread rapidly around the world leaving thousands of people dead from lung problems. The World Health Organization has estimated a mortality rate of 3.4%. Several members of the adamantane family have well-established antiviral properties against coronaviruses:

Structures of amantadine, rimantadine and the structurally related analogue memantine, which manifest signifcant actions against a range of coronaviruses.

In vitro and preclinical studies confrm that members of the adamantane family are efective against a range of coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19. The most likely candidates include amantadine. Amantadine may block the viral E protein ion channel function and may down-regulate the protease Cathepsin L because of the increase of lysosomal pH, resulting in impaired viral entry and replication:

Host cell protease dependence for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Fusion of viral and host cell proteins depends upon attachment of the viral spike protein to the ACE2 receptor on the host cell membrane followed by activation of a host cell protease such as Cathepsin L [CTSL] leading to fusion of viral and host cell membranes and release of viral genome into the host cell. Amantadine has the potential to disrupt the process by downregulation of CTSL by increasing the pH of endosomes, resulting in impaired viral entry and replication.

Amantadine dosage 100-200mg

CAS 665-66-7

Formula C₁₀H₁₇N · HCl

Mass 187.71 Da

Synonyms NSC 83653, 1-Adamantylamine hydrochloride, 1-Aminoadamantane hydrochloride, 1-Adamantanamine hydrochloride, Tricyclo[3.3.1.1^3,7]decan-1-amine hydrochloride

References:

1. Potential for the Repurposing of Adamantane Antivirals for COVID‑19.

2. Repurposing of Adamantanes with Transmitter Receptor Antagonist Properties for the Prevention/Treatment of COVID-19.

3. Amantadine in the prevention of clinical symptoms caused by SARS-CoV-2.

4. Adamantanes might be protective from COVID-19 in patients with neurological diseases: multiple sclerosis, parkinsonism and cognitive impairment.

5. Amantadine has potential for the treatment of COVID-19 because it inhibits known and novel ion channels encoded by SARS-CoV-2.

6. Efficacy of Ion-Channel Inhibitors Amantadine, Memantine and Rimantadine for the Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 In Vitro.

7. Use of amantadine in a patient with SARS-CoV-2.

8. Amantadine disrupts lysosomal gene expression: A hypothesis for COVID19 treatment

9. Amantadine as a drug to mitigate the effects of COVID-19

10. Docking Prediction of Amantadine in the Receptor Binding Domain of Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2

11. SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with serious mental illness and possible benefits of prophylaxis with Memantine and Amantadine